The Unix system is itself logically divided into two pieces, the kernel and the utilities. The Kernel is the heart of the Unix system and resides in the computer's memory from the time the computer is turned on and booted until the time it is shut down. read more..
Traditionally, Unix/Linux/POSIX filenames can be almost any sequence of bytes, and their meaning is unassigned. The only real rules are that "/" is always the directory separator, and that filenames can't contain byte 0 (because this is the terminator). Although this is flexible, this creates many unnecessary problems. In particular, this lack of limitations makes it unnecessarily difficult to write correct programs (enabling many security flaws), makes it impossible to consistently and accurately display filenames, causes portability problems, and confuses users. more ....
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